Chuyên đề Từ loại (Ôn thi Tốt nghiệp Tiếng Anh 2025)

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: TỪ LOẠI A – LÝ THUYẾT
I. Vị trí của các từ loại trong câu 1. Danh từ Vị trí Ví dụ Sau tính từ (adj + N) That is a naughty boy.
Làm chủ ngữ, thường đứng đầu câu
Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. Sau
- The book on the shelf that I borrowed - mạo từ: a/an/the
from the library is very interesting.
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, - This tank is full of water. every,...
- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, - Each student should submit their several,... assignment.
- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, their, - Her son is a mischievous boy. its,...
Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O)
He makes mistakes whenever he speaks. Sau giới từ (prep + N)
She is interested in folk music. Sau ‘enough’ (enough + N)
We don’t have enough time to have dinner. 2. Động từ Vị trí Ví dụ Đứng ngay sau chủ ngữ
The cat likes playing on the floor. Đứng sau trạng từ
I seldom get up early in the morning.
Đứng sau động từ ‘tobe’ trong câu bị động The building was built in 2000. 3. Tính từ Vị trí Ví dụ Trước N (adj + N) She has a beautiful garden. Sau ‘tobe’ The movie is interesting.
Sau các linking verbs: become, get, look, The dish tastes delicious. feel, taste, smell, seem,...
A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my,... My mother is disappointed by my poor + (adj) + N exam results.
Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely, He was extremely tired after the long
completely, really, terribly, very, quite, journey. rather,… Sau ‘keep/make’ The movie made her emotional. Sau ‘too’ (be + too + adj)
The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
Trước ‘enough’ (be + adj + enough)
She is smart enough to solve the problem.
Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that
The movie was so boring that I fell asleep. Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V! - How beautiful the sunset is! - What + (a/an) + adj + N! - What a modern car! 4. Trạng từ Vị trí Ví dụ Sau V thường
The children played happily in the park.
The food at the new restaurant is Trước adj absolutely delicious.
She has frequently mentioned her desire to Giữa cụm V travel abroad.
Suddenly, the storm raged, forcing
Đầu câu hoặc trước dấu phẩy everyone inside for safety. Sau: V + too + adv
We walked too fast to catch the bus.
Nam drove so fast that he caused an
Trong cấu trúc: V + so + adv + that accident.
She spoke slowly enough for the audience
Trước ‘enough’: V + adv + enough to follow along easily.
II. Dấu hiệu nhận biết các từ loại 1. Danh từ Đuôi N Ví dụ - age
storage, marriage, village, damage, carriage,… - ant
assistant, restaurant, accountant, defendant, inhabitant,… - cy
agency, democracy, frequency, privacy, intimacy,… - dom
freedom, kingdom, wisdom, boredom, stardom,… - ee
employee, nominee, trainee, refugee, absentee,… - er
teacher, painter, driver, farmer, leader,… - graphy
photography, biography, geography, calligraphy, cartography,… - hood
childhood, brotherhood, neighborhood, motherhood, adulthood,… - ician
musician, physician, magician, technician, politician,… - ion
action, emotion, decision, collection, celebration,… - ism
realism, optimism, nationalism, buddhism, feminism,… - ist
artist, scientist, tourist, activist, pianist,…
community, reality, infinity, diversity, activity,… - (i)ty
plenty, safety, cruelty, honesty, loyalty,… - logy
biology, psychology, geology, theology, technology,… - ment
achievement, development, government, agreement, enjoyment,… - nce
silence, absence, evidence, finance, importance,… - ness
happiness, sadness, kindness, darkness, fitness,… - or
actor, author, doctor, vendor, sponsor,… - ship
friendship, leadership, partnership, scholarship, relationship,… - th
growth, health, strength, width, depth,…
carpentry, poetry, chemistry, ancestry, industry,… - (t)ry
mystery, history, machinery, factory, scenery,… - ure
failure, pleasure, adventure, closure, pressure,… 2. Động từ Đuôi V Ví dụ - ate
create, activate, calculate, delegate, motivate,…
strengthen, widen, darken, shorten, sharpen,… - en/en-
enslave, enlarge, encourage, enable, enrich,… - ize
organize, realize, emphasize, prioritize, modernize,… - ify
simplify, justify, clarify, verify, amplify,… 3. Tính từ Đuôi Adj Ví dụ - able
manageable, enjoyable, reliable, understandable, adaptable,… - al
regional, personal, natural, formal, musical,… - ant
resistant, important, pleasant, significant, dominant,… - ary
dietary, contrary, primary, temporary, necessary,… - ate
passionate, accurate, fortunate, delicate, considerate,… - ent
different, persistent, dependent, efficient, urgent,… - ful
beautiful, helpful, cheerful, thoughtful, powerful,… - ible
audible, edible, horrible, terrible, accessible,… - ic
poetic, graphic, dramatic, electric, historic,… - ish
childish, foolish, stylish, selfish, reddish,… - ive
creative, active, supportive, massive, sensitive,… - less
helpless, careless, tireless, hopeless, fearless,… - ly
friendly, lovely, lively, daily, manly,… - ory
mandatory, compulsory, predatory, satisfactory, sensory,… - ous
dangerous, glorious, curious, delicious, anxious,… - y
happy, rainy, salty, muddy, messy,… 4. Trạng từ Đuôi Adv Ví dụ - ly
quickly, happily, gently, clearly, silently,… - ward
backward, inward, onward, eastward, forward,… - wise
otherwise, clockwise, lengthwise, crosswise, likewise,… B – LUYỆN TẬP
Question 1. In the past people believed that women’s _______ roles were as mothers and wives. A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist
Question 2. It is necessary for students to listen to their teacher _______. A. attentive B. attentively C. attention D. attend